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| 关键词： IShellLink 方式 快捷 pPersistFile pLink IPersistFile Release shortcut strShortCutLocat CoCreateInstance |
Harold Howe(翻译：抱雪)API提供了一个COM接口：调用 IShellLink 将允许你建立一个快捷方式，要在桌面建立一个快捷方式，只要把这个快捷方式保存到桌面目录就可以了。 下面的示例代码演示怎样建立一个快捷方式，在这个例子里，快捷方式将保存在C:\ drive。 //----------------------------------------------------------------------#include void __fastcall TForm1::Button1Click(TObject *Sender){// Allow the user to find a file with a common dialog box,// then create a shortcut to that file.if(OpenDialog1->Execute())CreateShortCut(OpenDialog1->FileName);}//----------------------------------------------------------------------void TForm1::CreateShortCut(const AnsiString &file){// IShellLink allows us to create the shortcut. // IPersistFile saves the link to the hard drive. IShellLink* pLink;IPersistFile* pPersistFile;// First, we have to initialize the COM libraryif(SUCCEEDED(CoInitialize(NULL))){// If CoInitialize doesn't fail, then instantiate an // IShellLink object by calling CoCreateInstance.if(SUCCEEDED(CoCreateInstance(CLSID_ShellLink, NULL,CLSCTX_INPROC_SERVER,IID_IShellLink, (void **) &pLink))){// if that succeeds, then fill in the shortcut attributespLink->SetPath(file.c_str());pLink->SetDescription("Woo hoo, look at Homer's shortcut");pLink->SetShowCmd(SW_SHOW);// Now we need to save the shortcut to the hard drive. The// IShellLink object also implements the IPersistFile interface.// Get the IPersistFile part of the object using QueryInterface.if(SUCCEEDED(pLink->QueryInterface(IID_IPersistFile,(void **)&pPersistFile))){// If that succeeds, then call the Save method of the// IPersistFile object to write the shortcut to the desktop.WideString strShortCutLocation("C:\\bcbshortcut.lnk");pPersistFile->Save(strShortCutLocation.c_bstr(), TRUE);pPersistFile->Release();}pLink->Release();}// Calls to CoInitialize need a corresponding CoUninitialize callCoUninitialize();}}//----------------------------------------------------------------------如果你执行这个代码，你将在你的C:\ drive下看见一个新的快捷方式，这非常好，但我们的问题是在桌面建立快捷方式。其实这也很简单，只要把快捷方式保存在桌面目录中就可以了（译者注：参见本站收录的：判断Windows相关目录）。 //----------------------------------------------------------------------void TForm1::CreateShortCut(const AnsiString &file){IShellLink* pLink;IPersistFile* pPersistFile;LPMALLOC ShellMalloc;LPITEMIDLIST DesktopPidl;char DesktopDir[MAX_PATH];// We are going to create a pidl, and it will need to be// freed by the shell mallocator. Get the shell mallocator// object using API SHGetMalloc function. Return if failure.if(FAILED(SHGetMalloc(&ShellMalloc)))return;// use the API to get a pidl for the desktop directory// if function fails, return without proceedingif(FAILED(SHGetSpecialFolderLocation(NULL,CSIDL_DESKTOPDIRECTORY,&DesktopPidl)))return;// Now convert the pidl to a character string// return if function failsif(!SHGetPathFromIDList(DesktopPidl, DesktopDir)){ShellMalloc->Free(DesktopPidl);ShellMalloc->Release();return;}// At this point, we are done with the pidl and the// mallocator, so free them upShellMalloc->Free(DesktopPidl);ShellMalloc->Release();if(SUCCEEDED(CoInitialize(NULL))){if(SUCCEEDED(CoCreateInstance(CLSID_ShellLink, NULL,CLSCTX_INPROC_SERVER,IID_IShellLink, (void **) &pLink))){pLink->SetPath(file.c_str());pLink->SetDescription("Woo hoo, look at Homer's shortcut");pLink->SetShowCmd(SW_SHOW);if(SUCCEEDED(pLink->QueryInterface(IID_IPersistFile,(void **)&pPersistFile))){WideString strShortCutLocation(DesktopDir);strShortCutLocation += "\\bcbshortcut.lnk";pPersistFile->Save(strShortCutLocation.c_bstr(), TRUE);pPersistFile->Release();}pLink->Release();}CoUninitialize();}}//----------------------------------------------------------------------不要陷入COM的泥沼建立快捷方式要涉及一些COM的知识，COM是一个很复杂的内容，很容易就会出错，最好是使用与其等价的C++代码。 COM 代码 C++ 等价的代码IShellLink* pLink; TShellLink *Link;IPersistFile* pPersistFile; TPersistFile *PersistFile;CoInitialize();// CoCreateInstance is like new CoCreateInstance(CLSID_ShellLink, Link = new TShellLink;NULL,CLSCTX_INPROC_SERVER,IID_IShellLink,(void **) &pLink)// These are like member functionspLink->SetPath(file.c_str()); Link->SetPath(file.c_str());pLink->SetShowCmd(SW_SHOW); Link->SetShowCmd(SW_SHOW);// QueryInterface is like castingpLink->QueryInterface(IID_IPersistFile PersistFile =(void **)&pPersistFile))) dynamic_cast(Link);pPersistFile->Save("C:\\", TRUE); PersistFile->Save("C:\\");// Release is like deletepPersistFile->Release(); delete PersistFilepLink->Release(); delete Link;CoUninitialize();IShellLink 接口示例代码只是使用了 IShellLink 的三个方法: SetPath, SetDescritpion, 以及 SetShowCmd. IShellLink 还支持其他的几个成员函数，下面就是最常用的几个函数： SetArguments 传递给快捷方式程序的命令行参数SetDescription 设置描述 (还不知用在什么场合)SetHotkey 为快捷方式建立一个全局的热键SetIconLocation 允许你自己指定快捷方式的图标SetIDList SetPath中pidl的替代形式SetPath 建立快捷方式的位置SetShowCmd 快捷方式程序运行的方式：隐藏，最小化，最大化SetWorkingDirectory 快捷方式的工作目录GetXXX 与前面的SetXXX函数相对应，取得相应的信息查看API帮助文件得到更多的关于 IShellLink 的信息。 |
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