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| 关键词： nbsp password passwd 用户 expect echo 密码 send root newpasswd |
本文章总结了如何手动、自动修改本地用户密码及远程机器的用户密码。对做自动化测试提供了自动修改用户密码的原理及方法。修改本地用户密码：1、交互配置本地用户：以root用户：passwd <username>Changing password for user dewang.New UNIX password: BAD PASSWORD: it is too shortRetype new UNIX password: passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.以非root用户修改自己的密码（注后面不能跟用户名，只有root用户才允许）：passwdChanging password for user dewang.Changing password for dewang(current) UNIX password: New UNIX password: Retype new UNIX password: passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.2、非交互配置本地用户：echo <newpasswd> | passwd --stdin <username>或echo <username>:<passwd> | chpasswd或将<username>:<passwd>对先写到一文件passwd.tmp中，然后执行chpasswd < passwd.tmp3、自动脚本处理：根据passwd命令修改用户密码，格式为：xxx.sh <username> <passwd>#!/bin/sh# \exec expect -f "$0" ${1+"$@"}if { $argc != 2 } { puts "Usage: $argv0 <username> <passwd>" exit 1}set password [lindex $argv 1]spawn passwd [lindex $argv 0]sleep 1expect "assword:"send "$password\r"expect "assword:"send "$password\r"expect eof说明：如果要通过shell直接调用expect相关命令，则开头中必须是如下格式，然后后面即可按照expect、TCL格式书写了。#!/bin/sh# \exec expect -f "$0" ${1+"$@"}根据echo <newpasswd> | passwd --stdin <username> 及 echo <username>:<passwd> | chpasswd来修改用户密码：#!/bin/shif [ $# -ne 2 ] ; then echo "Usage: `basename $0` <username> <passwd>" exit 1fi#echo "$2" | passwd --stdin "$1"echo "$1:$2" | chpasswdif [ $? -eq 0 ] ; then echo "change password for $1 success"else echo "change password for $1 failed"fi修改远程主机上用户密码：1、交互配置远程用户：echo <newpasswd> | ssh -l root <host> passwd --stdin <username>如：echo "newpass" | ssh -l root 10.11.103.151 passwd --stdin [email protected]'s password: Changing password for user dewang.passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.或echo <username>:<passwd> | ssh -l root <host> chpasswd 2>&1或将<username>:<passwd>对先写到一文件passwd.tmp中，然后执行chpasswd < passwd.tmp ［作者未测试］或ssh -l root <host>.... 交互输入root密码然后执行以上的所有可用方式均可2、非交互配置远程用户：则需要用到expect来进行处理，通过ssh登录到远程机器，然后结合上述配置方式，以完成自动修改用户密码。#!/usr/bin/expect#@brief to change user password by ssh remote machineproc usage {funcname} { puts "Usage: " puts " $funcname <host> <username> <newpasswd> -user <userpasswd>" puts " $funcname <host> <username> <newpasswd> -root <rootpasswd>"} # check paramif { $argc != 5 } { usage $argv0 exit 1}# get paramset host [lindex $argv 0]set username [lindex $argv 1]set newpasswd [lindex $argv 2]set loginname "root"if { [string compare [lindex $argv 3] "-user"] == 0 } { set loginname $username}set passwd [lindex $argv 4]puts "$host $username $newpasswd $loginname $passwd"spawn ssh -l $loginname $hostexpect {"*(yes/no)*" { send "yes\r"; set sshkey 1 }"*assword:*" { send "$passwd\r"; set sshkey 0 }if sshkey == 1 { expect "*password:*" send "$passwd\r"}}expect "*#"if { [string compare $loginname "root"] == 0 } { #send "echo \"$username:$newpasswd\" | chpasswd\r" send "echo \"$newpasswd\" | passwd --stdin \"$username\"\r"} else { send "passwd\r" expect { "*current*assword:" {send "$passwd\r"} "passwd: Authentication token manipulation error" {exit} } expect "New*assword:" send "$newpasswd\r" expect "Retype*assword:" send "$newpasswd\r"}expect "*#"send "exit\r"#interact 是否将交互权接过来，如果接过来，则用户这时可进行交互操作 |
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