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| 关键词： nbsp file 文件 system 系统 用量 Blocks luffy 磁盘 usr |
1. stat命令： display file or file system status [OPTIONS] -L, --dereference: follow links -f, --file-system: display file system status instead of file status for example: $stat -f / File: "/" ID: 226bbf67f89f2919 Namelen: 255 Type: ext2/ext3 Block size: 4096 Fundamental block size: 4096 Blocks: Total: 13166733 Free: 11754278 Available: 11085427 Inodes: Total: 3350528 Free: 3148391 $stat /usr/binzip File: "zip" Size: 192376 Blocks: 376 IO Block: 4096 普通文件 Device: 805h/2053dInode: 394634 Links: 1 Access: （0755/-rwxr-xr-x） Uid: （ 0/ root） Gid: （ 0/ root） Access: 2011-07-19 20:16:56.993522058 +0800 Modify: 2010-12-13 19:41:58.000000000 +0800 Change: 2011-06-04 09:13:15.072502606 +0800 2. df命令 df 是来自于coreutils 软件包，系统安装时，就自带的；我们通过这个命令可以查看磁盘的使用情况以及文件系统被挂载的位置。（如果后面参数是文件则是文件所在文件系统的信息，不能统计/查看单个文件或目录的情况） luffy@luffy-laptop:~$ df -lh # df #Used without arguments, df reports on all mounted file systems. 文件系统 容量 已用 可用 已用%% 挂载点 /dev/sda5 51G 5.4G 43G 12% / none 968M 728K 968M 1% /dev none 976M 1.6M 974M 1% /dev/shm none 976M 96K 976M 1% /var/run none 976M 0 976M 0% /var/lock 选项简介： -h, --human-readable以可读性较好的格式显示尺寸（例如：1K 234M 2G） -l, --local只显示本机的文件系统 -t, --type=类型只显示指定文件系统为指定类型的信息 -T, --print-type显示文件系统类型 -B, --block-size=大小使用指定字节数的块 --total显示总计信息 -i, --inodes显示inode 信息而非块使用量 -a, --all包含虚拟文件系统 --sync取得使用量数据前先进行同步动作 例如： luffy@luffy-laptop:~$ df -t ext4 luffy@luffy-laptop:~$ df /dev/sda5 文件系统 1K-块 已用 可用 已用% 挂载点 /dev/sda5 52666932 5619528 44372000 12% / 3. du - estimate file space usage 选项： -h, --human-readable以可读性较好的方式显示尺寸（例如：1K 234M 2G） -c, --total显示总计信息 -a, --all输出所有文件的磁盘用量，不仅仅是目录（默认是目录的磁盘用量） --apparent-size显示表面用量，而并非是磁盘用量；虽然表面用量通常会 小一些，但有时它会因为稀疏文件间的"洞"、内部碎 片、非直接引用的块等原因而变大。 -L, --dereference找出任何符号链接指示的真正目的地 -P, --no-dereference不跟随任何符号链接（默认） -B, --block-size=大小使用指定字节数的块 -m等于--block-size=1M -b --bytes du -b myfile 等于 wc -c myfile -s, --summarize只分别计算命令列中每个参数所占的总用量 例如： luffy@luffy-laptop:~$ du -s -B G /home 2G/home 指定-s没有递归计算子目录的占用量。 --max-depth=N显示目录总计（与--all 一起使用计算文件） 当N 为指定数值时计算深度为N； --max-depth=0 等于--summarize 例如： luffy@luffy-laptop:/usr$ du -B M --max-depth 1 /usr 197M/usr/bin 183M/usr/src 187M/usr/lib32 2M/usr/local 34M/usr/sbin 24M/usr/include 1051M/usr/share 1074M/usr/lib 1M/usr/games 2748M/usr The du user command gives the number of bytes/block-size contained in all files and recursively directories within each specified directory or file （filename）. If filename is missing, `.' （the current directory） is used. A file which has multiple links to it is only counted once. Used space plus available space is less than the amount of space in the file system （kilobytes） because the system reserves a fraction of the space in the file system to allow its allocation routines to work well. The amount reserved is typically about 10%. （This may be adjusted using the tunefs command. Refer to the man pages on tunefs（8） for more information.） When all the space on a file system, except for this reserve, is in use, only the super-user can allocate new files and data blocks to existing files. This, however, may cause the file system to be over allocated. When a file system is over allocated in this way, df may report that the file system is more than 100% utilized. This section gives the technical explanation of why du and df sometimes report different totals of disk space usage. When a program that is running in the background writes to a file while the process is running, the file to which this process is writing is deleted. Running df and du shows a discrepancy in the amount of disk space usage. The df command shows a higher value. When you open a file, you get a pointer. Subsequent writes to this file references this file pointer. The write call does not check to see if the file is there or not. It just writes to the specified number of characters starting at a predetermined location. Regardless of whether the file exist or not, disk blocks are used by the write operation. The df command reports the number of disk blocks used while du goes through the file structure and and reports the number of blocks used by each directory. As far as du is concerned, the file used by the process does not exist, so it does not report blocks used by this phantom file. But df keeps track of disk blocks used, and it reports the blocks used by this phantom file. 4. fdisk 是一款强大的磁盘操作工具，fdisk -l相当与df，来自util-linux软件包，这里不作介绍了。 reference: Linux 查看磁盘分区、文件系统、使用情况的命令和相关工具介绍 http://www.linuxsir.org/main/?q=node/41 du 与df区别 http://www.chinaunix.net/jh/6/465673.html man du df stat |
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